Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait in Filipino Adults Using the 3-D Motion Capture System

Maria Belinda Cristina C. Fidel, Consuelo B. Gonzalez-Suarez, Angelo R. dela Cruz, Edison A. Roxas, Ma. Roxanne Fernandez, Christopher Gabon Cruz

Dec 2021 DOI 10.35460/2546-1621.2021-0019     Access   

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Gait is one of the outcome measures used in evaluation in the field of rehabilitation and there is a need for reference data of gait parameters primarily to understand the physiological significance of these parameters, describe their changes in pathologic gait for better understanding of pathophysiology and be able to provide the appropriate therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study was: 1) To derive a reference data of spatiotemporal parameters of gait among Filipinos, which include step time, stride time, stance time, swing time, single limb support time, double limb support time, cadence, speed, step length, stride length, and step width; 2) To determine correlation of age, gender, and anthropometric measures with spatiotemporal parameters, and 3) To determine gait symmetry.
 

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 374 participants aged 20-69 years (males = 181, females = 193) were included. They were asked to walk in their comfortable speed. Spatiotemporal parameters were obtained using the Vicon motion capture system.
 

Results: The walking speed, step length, stride length, and step width declined with age. Filipino men demonstrated higher values in all parameters except cadence which is higher in Filipino women. Height and leg length both have positive correlation with all parameters except for cadence. Weight has a positive correlation with all spatiotemporal parameters except for cadence, swing time, single limb support time, and speed. Cadence and stride length were symmetrical between right and left lower extremities.
 

Conclusion: Spatiotemporal parameters among healthy Filipinos 20-69 years old were presented including their correlations with age, gender, and anthropometric measures. This can serve as a reference for future studies in gait where Filipinos are the participants.

 

Key words: anthropometric, gait analysis, reference values, spatiotemporal parameters

 

  1. Bugané F, Benedetti MG, Casadio G, Attala S, Biagi F, Manca M, et al. Estimation of spatial-temporal gait parameters in level walking based on a single accelerometer: validation on normal subjects by standard gait analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed [Internet]. 2012;108(1):129–37. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.02.003
  2. Al-Obaidi S, Wall JC, Al-Yaqoub A, Al-Ghanim M. Basic gait parameters: a comparison of reference data for normal subjects 20 to 29 years of age from Kuwait and Scandinavia. J Rehabil Res Dev [Internet]. 2003;40(4):361–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2003.07.0361
  3. Patterson KK, Nadkarni NK, Black SE, McIlroy WE. Gait symmetry and velocity differ in their relationship to age. Gait Posture [Internet]. 2012;35(4):590–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.11.030
  4. Kwon JW, Son SM, Lee NK. Changes of kinematic parameters of lower extremities with gait speed: a 3D motion analysis study. J Phys Ther Sci [Internet]. 2015;27(2):477–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.477
  5. Majernik J. Normative human gait databases. Statistics Research Letters. 2013;2:69–74. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/download/48138330/SRL10020_2_3_69_74.pdf
  6. Ryu T, Choi HS, Choi HW, Chung MK. A comparison of gait characteristics between Korean and Western people for establishing Korean gait reference data. Int J Ind Ergon. 2006;36:1023–30. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169814106001818
  7. Blazkiewicz M, Wiszomirska I, Wit A. Comparison of four methods of calculating the symmetry of spatiotemporal parameters of gait. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2014;16:29–35. Available from: https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-87c71492-aaec-4ba5-b8ab-945b161a9374
  8. Hollman JH, MacDade EM, Petersen RC. Normative spatiotemporal gait parameters in adults, Gait Posture. 2011;34:111–8. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636211001019
  9. Pierryrowski MR, Galea V. Enhancing the ability of gait analyses to differentiate between groups: scaling gait data to body size. Gait Posture. 2001;13:193–201. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636201000972
  10. Samson MM, Crowe A, de Vreede PL, Dessens JA, Duursma SA, Verhaar HJ. Difference in gait parameters at a preferred walking speed in healthy subjects due to age, height and body weight. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 2001;13:16–21. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03351489
  11. Buchner D, Cress M, Esselman P, Margherita A, de Lateur B, Campbell V, et al. Factors associated with changes in gait speed in older adults. J Gerontol. 1996;51A:297–302. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article-abstract/51A/6/M297/593066
  12. Callisaya M, Blizzard L, Schmidt M, McGinley J, Srikanth V. Aging and Age variability. A population based study of older people. Age Ageing. 2010;39:191–7. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article-abstract/39/2/191/41315
  13. Auvinet B, Berrut G, Touzard C, Moutel L, Collet N, Chaleil D, et al. Reference data for normal subjects obtained with an accelerometric device. Gait Posture. 2002;16:124–34. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096663620100203X
  14. Lai P, Leung A, Li A, Zhang M. Three dimensional gait analysis of obese adults. Clin Biomech. 2008;23(1):S2–S6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268003308000387
  15. McGraw B, McClenaghan A, William H, Dickerson J, Ward D. Gait and postural instability in obese and non-obese prepubertal boys. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:484–9. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003999300636122
  16. Macellari V, Giacomozzi C, Saggini R. Spatio-temporal parameters of gait: reference data and a statistical method for normality assessment. Gait Posture. 1999;10:171–81. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636299000211

 

Articles related to the one you are viewing

There are currently no results to show, please try again later

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits use, share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.